Cavities: How Tooth Decay Starts and How It Is Treated

A cavity forms when bacteria, plaque, acid, and time weaken the tooth. Early decay may not hurt, which is why dental exams and X-rays are important.

The sooner a cavity is found, the more conservative treatment can usually be.

How cavities develop

Plaque bacteria feed on sugars and carbohydrates, creating acids that soften enamel. If the process continues, the enamel breaks down and a cavity forms.

Dry mouth, frequent snacking, deep grooves, older fillings, and inconsistent home care can increase risk.

Treatment options

Small to moderate cavities are often treated with tooth-colored fillings. Larger cavities may need crowns if too much tooth structure is missing.

If decay reaches the nerve of the tooth, a root canal or extraction may be discussed depending on the tooth's condition.

Prevention that actually helps

Brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, limiting frequent sugar exposure, treating dry mouth, and keeping routine visits can reduce cavity risk.

Sealants or fluoride treatment may be recommended for certain patients.

Astra Dental helps patients understand why cavities happen and what treatment will protect the tooth long-term.